Territory and languages
We compare reviewed statements, proposals and older manifestos, rather than 29N manifesto promises. Support and opposition refer to the exact statement above each table. A gap does not mean neutrality or no position. Regional sources are marked as territorial context.
Method and limitsAmnesty for the Catalan independence process
Spain should keep the 2024 amnesty for cases connected to the Catalan independence process.
This concerns the acts covered by that law, rather than any crime.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports adopting the 2024 amnesty to address the Catalan political conflict. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesCristina Valido explicitly rejects amnesty in the investiture debate, distinguishing that rejection from other government agreements. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports adopting the 2024 amnesty to address the Catalan political conflict. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports adopting the 2024 amnesty to address the Catalan political conflict. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports adopting the 2024 amnesty to address the Catalan political conflict. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports adopting the 2024 amnesty to address the Catalan political conflict. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports adopting the 2024 amnesty to address the Catalan political conflict. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesRejects the 2024 amnesty. The speech’s legal objections are the party’s position. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports adopting the 2024 amnesty to address the Catalan political conflict. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports adopting the 2024 amnesty to address the Catalan political conflict. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesRejects the 2024 amnesty. The speech’s legal objections are the party’s position. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesRejects the 2024 amnesty. The speech’s legal objections are the party’s position. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Deciding on independence
People in Catalonia or the Basque Country should be able to vote on whether to remain in Spain or become independent.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesRego supports democratic decisions about the future of Spain’s constituent nations. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Insufficient evidence |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesThe Basque Group’s constitutional amendment registered on 11 March 2026 proposes recognising Basque citizens’ right to decide freely and democratically, through an exercise agreed with the state. Its justification invokes self-determination; this is a proposal, not an enacted reform. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports Euskal Herria deciding its status freely, bounded by citizens’ will. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposalExplanation and sources |
| Junts | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports recognition of Catalonia as a political entity entitled to self-determination. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesArticle by Podemos’s discourse coordinator (2015; historical reference). Podemos discourse coordinator Moruno supports a referendum with yes and no options while advocating remaining in a plurinational Spain. He rejects replacing a public vote with a unilateral declaration. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesSáenz de Santamaría opposes recognising self-determination through statute reform and defends Spanish unity. Historical reference, not inferred merely from opposing unlawful consultations. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesLópez explicitly rejects a right to self-determination and a statute agreement aimed at independence, distinguishing this from negotiating improvements to self-government. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesSumar’s joint 2024 Basque election manifesto, sections 400–401; proposals requiring agreement with the Spanish state. Sumar’s joint Basque manifesto proposes agreed votes on territorial status through a Canadian-style clarity pact with the Spanish state, clear questions, qualified majorities and legal safeguards. It requires broad agreement in Basque society first and does not advocate unilateral secession. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesUPN’s 13th congress policy and statute papers (2024). Its 2024 principles defend Spain’s constitutional model and reject territorial separation in Catalonia and Euskadi, opposing the secession asked about. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Opposes the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto, copy published by RTVE (historical reference). Supports territorial unity, banning secessionist organisations and criminalising unlawful referendums, opposing the negotiated secession asked about. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Catalonia’s taxes
Catalonia should collect and manage all its taxes and agree how much it contributes to shared costs and solidarity.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesRego accepts the separate funding arrangement agreed for Catalonia and calls for Galicia to receive the legislative and collection powers of a fiscal agreement too. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesSan Ginés explicitly rejects a separate Catalan funding arrangement financed with shared resources. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesEtxano supports the PSOE–ERC specific financing agreement and its legislative implementation, protecting the Basque and Navarre fiscal systems from possible adverse effects. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesOtegi supports the legitimacy of the specific financing pact and expects PSOE to implement it. Frames it within a plurinational agreement with shared-cost contributions and solidarity; Europa Press interview. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesRufián supports full tax-collection powers and a solidarity contribution. This does not establish implementation of the agreement. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2024 policy paper: proposes a system outside the common financing law, full tax administration and a contribution for shared services and solidarity. Publication day is unconfirmed; first observation is shown. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Insufficient evidenceExplanation and sourcesAvailable sources do not establish support or opposition to this proposal. This does not mean the party is neutral. |
| PP | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesBravo rejects the specific financing agreement with ERC and seeks a common model. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesMontero explicitly supports the PSOE–ERC specific financing agreement, with transparent contributions to shared costs and interterritorial solidarity. This is a stance on the agreement, not a claim of implementation. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Insufficient evidenceExplanation and sourcesAvailable sources do not establish support or opposition to this proposal. This does not mean the party is neutral. |
| UPN | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesCatalán rejects the specific Catalan financing agreement as a trade of votes for power, distinguishing this from his defence of Navarre’s fiscal agreement and historic rights. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesSáez rejects the agreement and tax-power transfer; the described consequences are the party’s arguments. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Powers for the Basque Country
The national government should hand over the remaining powers to the Basque Country that its Statute provides for.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Insufficient evidence |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesCC’s own Senate statement on pending Basque powers (2019; historical evidence). Speaking for CC, Julios rejects blocking pending transfers under the Gernika Statute and demands compliance with that democratically adopted statute. This concerns Basque powers directly rather than extrapolating from Canary Islands powers. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports completing Statute of Gernika transfers; this is distinct from deciding independence. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Seeks all outstanding Basque Statute and Navarre Charter powers, plus further instruments. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Insufficient evidence |
| Junts | Insufficient evidence |
| Podemos | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesPodemos Euskadi calls for completing all Gernika transfers as soon as possible. Vaquero presents them as tools for social rights and public services, with democratic oversight of how the powers are used. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Insufficient evidence |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesLópez supports continuing negotiations on outstanding Gernika transfers without an artificial deadline, including Social Security financial administration while retaining the shared national fund. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesSumar’s joint 2024 Basque election manifesto, sections 400–401; proposals requiring agreement with the Spanish state. Sumar’s 2024 programme calls for all remaining Gernika Statute transfers, separately from its further proposal for federal self-government. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Insufficient evidence |
| VOX | Opposes the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto, copy published by RTVE (historical reference). Its proposal to replace the autonomous-community system with a unitary state and return powers to the state opposes completing Gernika Statute transfers; it does not list those transfers individually. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Language in classrooms
Regions with another official language should be able to teach mainly in it, without a fixed share of classes in Spanish set by the national government.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Its national manifesto seeks full power to organise Galicia’s education and language model, overcoming powers reserved by the central state. It supports deciding its own model without claiming a particular percentage of teaching in each language. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Insufficient evidence |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesAgirretxea defends regions deciding their own language-of-education models without Madrid imposing them. His Basque model retains both official languages as teaching languages, with particular attention to Basque. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Seeks to protect devolved language-of-education models from imposed changes, extending the same protection to other languages in Spain. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports immersion and education powers in Catalan-speaking territories. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports Catalan-medium immersion alongside learning Spanish and other languages. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesIglesias’s intervention in the national investiture debate (2016). Iglesias defends the democratically adopted Catalan immersion model and opposes imposed national changes. His 2016 national parliamentary intervention is a historical reference concerning who should decide language policy. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesGregorio López demands compliance with the ruling requiring 25% of teaching in Spanish in Catalonia and criticises attempts to avoid it, opposing immersion without a minimum Spanish quota. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesArticle by the education secretary; publication date unverified. Education secretary Martínez Seijo opposes fixed Spanish-language percentages and restrictions on immersion in regions with a co-official language. No publication date was verified on the page; the observation date is identified instead. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposalExplanation and sources2024 public statement by Sumar’s spokesperson directly reported by Europa Press. Errejón, then Sumar’s spokesperson, defends Catalan immersion in response to a European demand for minimum Spanish-language percentages. This records his direct statement reported by Europa Press, rather than the outlet’s editorial opinion. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesSpecific Catalan school model resolution, voted on 13 September and published on 21 September 2011 (historical evidence). UPN rejected the specific motion to defend Catalonia’s school model, with Catalan as the usual teaching language and centre of gravity without excluding Spanish. The official text establishes the policy voted on and Europa Press explicitly identifies UPN’s rejection. This is historical evidence from 2011, not a current proposal for a 25% quota or a vote on a general education package. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Opposes the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto, copy published by RTVE (historical reference). Demands Spanish-medium education throughout Spain and national inspections with sanctions, rejecting models that prevent that choice. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Work permits in Navarre
Navarre should handle the permits that allow foreign nationals to work there.
Permission to live in Spain would remain with the national government.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Insufficient evidence |
| Coalición Canaria | Insufficient evidence |
| EAJ-PNV | Insufficient evidence |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesFull official article transcribed by the user; the hash identifies that transcription rather than downloaded HTML. EH Bildu proposes extending the work-permit transfer through an accepted amendment to its first point. This assessment rests on its own proposal, rather than interpreting its abstention on the full resolution as support or neutrality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Insufficient evidence |
| Junts | Insufficient evidence |
| Podemos | Insufficient evidence |
| PP | Insufficient evidence |
| PSOE | Insufficient evidence |
| Sumar | Insufficient evidence |
| UPN | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesFull official article transcribed by the user; the hash identifies that transcription rather than downloaded HTML. UPN authors the proposal to transfer initial work-permit administration to Navarre and votes for it. The resolution includes inspection functions and requires resources and coordination with national residence authorisations. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Insufficient evidence |