Europe and international relations
We compare reviewed statements, proposals and older manifestos, rather than 29N manifesto promises. Support and opposition refer to the exact statement above each table. A gap does not mean neutrality or no position. Regional sources are marked as territorial context.
Method and limitsDefence spending
Spain should spend at least 2 out of every 100 euros produced by its economy on defence.
This is 2% of GDP. Agreeing does not imply supporting a higher percentage.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Opposes the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Proposes cancelling the commitment to raise military spending to 2% of GDP and reallocating resources. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesValido press conference reported by Servimedia. Valido supports accelerating the 2% commitment after meeting Sánchez. Servimedia reports her press conference; she seeks protection for social needs and security on the southern flank. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesVaquero accepts the need for the 2% plan, requiring detailed funding, European coordination and no cuts to social provision. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesAizpurua rejects the plan to raise military spending to 2% and argues for directing those resources to social needs. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Opposes the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Opposes rising military expenditure, explicitly discusses NATO’s 2% threshold and proposes demilitarisation and disarmament. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Insufficient evidence |
| Podemos | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesBelarra opposes raising military spending to meet the 2% requirement and prioritises public services; the speech’s economic estimates are the party’s claims. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). The manifesto commits 2% of GDP to security and defence. This is the 2023 figure, not a claim about every subsequent NATO commitment. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSánchez presents and supports a plan to reach 2% of GDP in security and defence in 2025. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesOpposes setting rearmament targets through arbitrary GDP percentages, prioritising peace, European autonomy and social needs. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Insufficient evidence |
| VOX | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesAsarta supports 2% of GDP as a defence spending floor and multi-year plans subject to parliamentary debate. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Arms and Israel
Spain should stop buying and selling arms with Israel while the war in Gaza continues.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports the arms embargo and seeks to close exceptions or improve controls; this does not establish an implemented embargo without exceptions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesDirect statements to EFE on the arms embargo (2025); the full article received through the web reader is privately archived. Coalición Canaria directly confirmed to EFE support for the decree centred on banning arms purchases and sales with Israel, with the national-interest exceptions in its text. That support resulted in approval on 8 October 2025; this does not claim a ban without exceptions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports the arms embargo and seeks to close exceptions or improve controls; this does not establish an implemented embargo without exceptions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports the arms embargo and seeks to close exceptions or improve controls; this does not establish an implemented embargo without exceptions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesRufián supports the decree’s embargo but considers it insufficient, seeking stronger measures to prevent arms reaching Israel. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesDirect statements to EFE on the arms embargo (2025); the full article received through the web reader is privately archived. Junts directly confirmed to EFE support for the decree centred on banning arms purchases and sales with Israel, with the national-interest exceptions in its text. That support resulted in approval on 8 October 2025; this does not claim a ban without exceptions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesBelarra calls for a real embargo, cancellation of contracts and removal of the cabinet exception. Criticism of the decree is not opposition to an embargo. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesHispán opposes Spain independently imposing the proposed arms purchase and sales embargo on Israel. He calls for coordination with European partners and disputes its legal basis; this is not represented as opposition to every internationally agreed restriction. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesAlbares supports banning arms imports and exports involving Israel. The decree retains a national-interest exception, so this is not an exception-free embargo. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports the arms embargo and seeks to close exceptions or improve controls; this does not establish an implemented embargo without exceptions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Insufficient evidence |
| VOX | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesRejects the Israel embargo over its effects on security, industry and military cooperation. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Decisions in Europe
EU countries should make decisions together, sharing some of their powers.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Insufficient evidence |
| Coalición Canaria | Insufficient evidence |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports deeper European integration and shared decisions through common institutions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Insufficient evidence |
| ERC | Insufficient evidence |
| Junts | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports deeper European integration and shared decisions through common institutions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesPodemos’s own 2024 European manifesto; policy for the EU and its member states. Proposes a common European fiscal policy and stronger social and feminist foundations for European integration. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Supports the proposalExplanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports deeper European integration and shared decisions through common institutions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources41st Congress political resolution (2024). Supports deeper European integration and shared decisions through common institutions. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Insufficient evidence |
| UPN | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesUPN’s official policy page has no visible publication date; this is an observation date, not a new-proposal date. Proposes recognising the primacy of European law and shared sovereignty in the Constitution. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Opposes the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto, copy published by RTVE (historical reference). Rejects a federal EU and proposes restoring member-state powers and giving national law priority. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Aid to other countries
Public money should help fight poverty in poorer countries.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposal First observed: Territorial context Explanation and sources2024 Galician election manifesto (territorial and historical evidence). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposal First observed: Territorial context Explanation and sources2023–2027 Canary Islands manifesto (territorial and historical evidence). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposal First observed: Territorial context Explanation and sources2024 Basque manifesto published by Pello Otxandiano’s candidacy (territorial and historical evidence). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesPodemos’s own 2024 European manifesto; policy for the EU and its member states. Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Supports the proposalExplanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesUPN’s 13th congress policy and statute papers (2024). Supports public funding for development cooperation to fight poverty and inequality. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Insufficient evidence |