Migration and borders
We compare reviewed statements, proposals and older manifestos, rather than 29N manifesto promises. Support and opposition refer to the exact statement above each table. A gap does not mean neutrality or no position. Regional sources are marked as territorial context.
Method and limitsPermits for migrants
There should be a special route to permits for migrants already living in Spain who meet eligibility requirements.
This means an additional route for people currently without papers to get permission to live and work here.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesRego’s proposal supports the extraordinary process under RD 316/2026 and seeks inclusion of stateless Sahrawis. Support includes broader eligibility; the date is the bulletin publication, not the filing date. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSan Ginés calls for expanding extraordinary regularisation to statelessness applicants, with interim access to work and basic rights. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesEsteban supports regularisation in Hora 25 while seeking closer links to work and stable routes. This qualification is retained. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesEH Bildu’s national declaration calls for the popular initiative to result in mass regularisation. Published in December 2025 before the 2026 process; establishes support for the extraordinary route, not an assessment of its later implementation. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSalvador supports extraordinary regularisation and describes Catalan learning as a way to establish integration, not a mandatory requirement. Original supplied manually with the displayed date of 22 April 2026. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesJunts per Catalunya candidacy manifesto for the November 2019 general election (historical evidence). The Junts per Catalunya candidacy proposes facilitating regularisation for people without papers who have lived here for years and cannot be removed. This is a conditional additional route in its 2019 manifesto, not approval of every eligibility rule or the scale of the 2026 extraordinary process. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesBelarra supports the extraordinary agreement and its eligibility requirements in a Hora 25 interview. National leadership position. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesFeijóo states his opposition to the government’s extraordinary process at the Congress and Senate group meeting. He supports legal migration routes; this does not attribute opposition to all immigration. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesAt PSOE headquarters Elma Saiz supports the completed regularisation process. Records support for eligibility-based regularisation, not application guidance or a 29N pledge. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSumar’s spokesperson welcomes the extraordinary process and requests resources, faster processing and a solution for Sahrawi statelessness applicants. Source: the plenary shorthand record, distinct from the final official diary. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Insufficient evidence |
| VOX | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesVOX’s national initiative explicitly rejects the announced regularisation. Coded as opposition to that measure; the quoted terminology belongs to the party. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Border controls
Spain should devote more people and resources to border controls to reduce entry without permission.
The right to seek asylum would still apply.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Insufficient evidence |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesValido supports more staff and equipment in Ceuta, while requiring human-rights compliance and rejecting automatic returns. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Insufficient evidence |
| EH Bildu | Insufficient evidence |
| ERC | Insufficient evidence |
| Junts | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesMadrenas calls for anticipatory border control and timely installation of the legally provided physical barrier in Ceuta to prevent irregular entry and loss of life. She explicitly criticises missing preventive means; the assessment is not inferred solely from her separate demand for Catalan powers. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Opposes the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesPodemos’s own 2024 European manifesto; policy for the EU and its member states. Proposes replacing Frontex with a search-and-rescue agency and safe legal routes, opposing expansion of the border-control model. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Proposes more border staff, technology and coordination. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesCastilla supports border protection and lawful safeguarded returns, not every proposed border closure. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Insufficient evidence |
| UPN | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesLópez Mañero calls on the national government to control borders thoroughly and combat irregular entry with all available means, while supporting orderly legal migration and reception rights. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports stronger border control, linking it to housing. That causal claim belongs to the party, not Votuo. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Departure of people without permits
Once it has been decided that someone without permission to stay must leave Spain, their departure should happen sooner.
The decision must be final. Each case is assessed individually, respecting protection for people who need asylum.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Opposes the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Calls for closing immigration detention centres and ending deportations while protecting migrant and refugee rights. This general proposal opposes accelerating administrative removals. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesValido proposes faster return proceedings through more resources, requiring individual assessment, effective defence and human-rights treaty compliance. Her own amendment combines speed with safeguards, rather than endorsing automatic returns. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Insufficient evidence |
| EH Bildu | Insufficient evidence |
| ERC | Insufficient evidence |
| Junts | Insufficient evidence |
| Podemos | Insufficient evidence |
| PP | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Proposes faster return orders for irregular residents through agreements with origin or transit countries. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesComplete article retrieved through web reading; the archive retains the transcription rather than original HTML. Marlaska calls for faster return and international-protection proceedings while retaining Spain’s asylum responsibilities. This supports more efficient procedures rather than automatic return of everyone arriving. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Insufficient evidence |
| UPN | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesCatalán calls for effective implementation of issued removal orders and supports agreements with countries of origin within European return policy. This concerns executing existing orders, rather than returning people without assessing their cases. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesProposes mandatory removal for irregular stay through a reasoned procedure; this is a 2024 amendment, not current law. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Removal after conviction
It should be possible to remove foreign nationals from the country in more cases after convictions for serious or repeated crimes.
A judge decides after assessing each case. Being arrested or accused is not the same as being convicted.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Insufficient evidence |
| Coalición Canaria | Insufficient evidence |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesInsausti calls for legal changes so persistent repeat offenders face prison or removal, seeking involvement from parties in Congress. This is a PNV mayor’s request for national legislative reform, rather than a claim that his council can order removals. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Insufficient evidence |
| ERC | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesJoan Tardà’s amendments explicitly submitted for ERC, numbers 334–338 (2014; historical evidence). Tardà proposes removing expulsion after an almost-completed prison term as an additional punishment and limiting re-entry bans. His proposal narrows post-conviction expulsion cases rather than expanding them; it retains expulsion instead of imprisonment and does not prohibit all judicial removal. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Insufficient evidenceExplanation and sourcesAvailable sources do not establish support or opposition to this proposal. This does not mean the party is neutral. |
| Podemos | Insufficient evidence |
| PP | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Proposes faster removal of foreign offenders through international agreements. This is not automatic removal following an arrest. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Insufficient evidence |
| Sumar | Insufficient evidence |
| UPN | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesCalls for prosecutors to seek prison sentences and court-ordered replacement by expulsion under Criminal Code article 89, rather than treating arrest as sufficient. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesProposes broader removal after conviction for an intentional offence, including abroad. Conviction is distinct from arrest; the proposal is not limited to serious crime. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
Seeking asylum at the border
Nobody should be sent back from the border without a chance to seek asylum and have their case assessed.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Proposes banning pushbacks as part of citizen-security law reform. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesValido rejects automatic returns of everyone arriving and demands respect for individual protection and asylum rights. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Demands compliance with humanitarian and asylum obligations and proposes traceable procedures to ensure border returns respect those safeguards. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Calls for an end to land and sea pushbacks and for safe routes with access to asylum. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Proposes ending the special Ceuta and Melilla return regime because of missing safeguards and ensuring individual access to asylum. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Proposes repealing the special border-return regime in immigration law and protecting asylum applicants’ rights. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sourcesPodemos’s own 2024 European manifesto; policy for the EU and its member states. Rejects collective returns, violations of non-refoulement and returns without individual vulnerability assessment. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Insufficient evidence |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesComplete article retrieved through the web reading service; the archive retains the transcription rather than original HTML. PSOE supports effective access to asylum, assessment with safeguards and legal routes; it opposes accelerated removals without safeguards and outsourcing protection responsibilities. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposal First observed: Explanation and sources2023 general-election manifesto (historical reference). Proposes criminalising summary returns and ensuring access to asylum. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesUPN statement addressed to Spain’s government in 2016 (historical reference). Esparza calls on Spain’s government to respect the Geneva Convention and rejects blanket returns of refugees to Turkey. This is a 2016 protection-safeguards statement, not a position on every current administrative return. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Insufficient evidence |
Reception of children
If a region cannot take in more migrant children arriving alone, other regions should be required to help by taking some in.
| Party | Documented position |
|---|---|
| BNG | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesRego votes to retain the specific decree requiring distribution of migrant children during extraordinary contingencies, according to objective capacity and solidarity criteria. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Coalición Canaria | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports regions sharing reception and care while individual cases are resolved; this is not automatic permanent residence or collective return. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EAJ-PNV | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports regions sharing reception and care while individual cases are resolved; this is not automatic permanent residence or collective return. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| EH Bildu | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesIñarritu supports mandatory distribution and objective criteria accounting for previous reception, while also calling for care of minor asylum seekers in the Canary Islands. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| ERC | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSalvador explicitly supports the decree requiring distribution between regions, prioritising children’s rights regardless of their origin. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Junts | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesCervera supports mandatory distribution with objective criteria and credit for previous reception, defending Catalonia’s exemption because of already committed capacity and requiring integration resources. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Podemos | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesBelarra and the other three Podemos MPs vote to retain the specific decree requiring reception of migrant children during an extraordinary migratory contingency. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PP | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesAlós rejects this distribution as the response to the Ceuta crisis, prioritising family identification and safeguarded returns. This does not mean rejecting all reception of children. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| PSOE | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports regions sharing reception and care while individual cases are resolved; this is not automatic permanent residence or collective return. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| Sumar | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesSupports regions sharing reception and care while individual cases are resolved; this is not automatic permanent residence or collective return. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| UPN | Supports the proposalExplanation and sourcesLópez Mañero says Navarre must help receive children and calls on Spain’s government for fair, proportionate distribution among all regions with sufficient resources. This records the national duty to cooperate; it does not recode UPN’s parliamentary abstention as a yes vote. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |
| VOX | Opposes the proposalExplanation and sourcesRejects regional distribution of children arriving in Ceuta and calls for return to Morocco. Reviewed: Read evidence and context |